Abstract:
Consensus is crucial to a blockchain system because it allows a group of untrusted nodes to agree. Most blockchain consensus works assume that a block always reaches every participating node during the consensus process in a time much shorter than the mining time. In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), the dynamic connectivity of moving nodes in a wireless environment brings opportunistic communication to blockchain consensus, increasing block propagation time. Mobility affects VANET block propagation under the single-chain structure. We study macroscopic block propagation dynamics and derive the closed-form expression of the single-block propagation time. Multiblock competitive propagation describes blockchain forking. Thus, multiblock propagation time is approximated. High mobility and more vehicles speed up block propagation. Moving nodes’ propagation abilities also reduce blockchain consensus forking.
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