A Frequency-Time Synchronization Scheme for Real-Time Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract :

In a real-time wireless sensor network (RT-WSN), an unpredictable synchronization (or connection) process between nodes is unfortunate, but communication after the connection may be controlled.

This project solves this pity using the multiple-request-single occasion (multiple slave nodes request to send data to a single master node simultaneously before getting synchronized using frequency channel hopping). If the master sends the synchronization packet (or beacon), the slaves scan different channels for connection.

Frequency and time synchronization (FTS) occurs when both nodes select the same frequency channel during a time period and the slave receives the synchronization packet. If directly adopted, many wireless protocols have two real-time performance issues: First, if one or more channels are disturbed, a slave may take longer to join the network.

Second, when multiple slaves scan simultaneously, which slave can synchronize with the master first is unpredictable, so a lower-priority slave may be serviced first. Two FTS examples with poor real-time performance start this paper. Then, 1/ $2n$ FTS synchronization is presented and proved.

The slave scans $n$ channels for the master’s synchronization packet while the master transmits it $2n$ times in $2n$ continuous timeslots. Salve scan widows are twice the slot width. Thus, even if one or more channels are disturbed, every slave can synchronize with the master at the end of $2n$ slots.

Then, the slaves can send their requests to the master in different slots so the master can prioritize their communications. If the mater broadcasts the beacon periodically, the slave’s joining or rejoining time is predictable. NORDIC Semiconductor chips demonstrate 1/ $2n$ FTS method theorems.

Keywords : Synchronization, Advertising, Real-Time Systems, Time-Frequency Analysis, Frequency Synchronization, Wireless Sensor Networks, Wireless Communication, Protocols, Synchronisation, Wireless Channels, Wireless Sensor Networks

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