Abstract:
In the COVID-19 pandemic, activity-tracking and location-based services using short-range communication (SRC) have become increasingly popular, especially for automated contact tracing. 1) How to safeguard data and location privacy? 2) how to efficiently and dynamically deploy SRC IoT witnesses to monitor large areas? This paper proposes Bychain, a permissionless, decentralized blockchain protocol, to answer these questions. 1) An interactive zero-knowledge proof protocol and key escrow mechanism are used to create a privacy-preserving SRC protocol for activity-tracking and a generalized block structure. Thus, personal identity and on-chain location information ownership are decoupled. The on-chain location data owner can claim ownership without disclosing the private key. 2) An artificial potential field-based incentive allocation mechanism is proposed to encourage IoT witnesses to deploy maximum monitoring coverage. Bluetooth 5.0 was used to implement and test the blockchain protocol. Each procedure and activity is analyzed for storage, CPU utilization, power consumption, time delay, and security. Experiment and security analysis demonstrate real-world performance.
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