Abstract:
Online education and meetings have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Traditional online environments offer simple streaming services using cameras and microphones, which limits physical expression and real-world cultural and economic activities. Metaverse environments, avatar-based three-dimensional virtual reality, have gained popularity as a solution. Thus, metaverse platforms like Roblox, Minecraft, and Fortnite have emerged to serve users. Because users and platform servers communicate publicly, metaverse environments may be vulnerable to security threats. Each platform server manages user identity, password, and biometric data. This paper proposes a blockchain-based system model to secure communication and transparently manage user identification data in metaverse environments. A mutual authentication scheme using biometric information and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) secures user-platform server communication and avatar-avatar interactions. We use informal security analysis, Burrows–Abadi–Needham (BAN) logic, Real-or-Random (ROR) model, and Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA) to prove the mutual authentication scheme is secure. The proposed scheme’s computation costs, communication costs, and security features are compared to similar schemes. The results show that the proposed scheme has lower computation and communication costs and more security features than existing schemes. Thus, our method can secure metaverses.
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